Gum Disease: What Causes It and How to Treat It

The health of your mouth is directly related to your overall body health. When your gums show signs of bleeding, swelling or pain, it could be a sign of periodontal (gum) disease.

Gum disease is common, treatable, and often preventable. This guide will explain what to watch out for.  

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that support your teeth. It usually starts as gingivitis (redness, swelling, and bleeding.) Left untreated, gingivitis can turn into periodontitis, a more serious infection. Periodontitis can damage the bone around your teeth and lead to tooth loss.

What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum disease usually begins with plaque (a sticky layer of bacteria) on your teeth. When plaque isn’t removed with regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar (or calculus), which can’t be removed at home. Both hard and soft build up leads to inflammation and infection that can harm your gums over time.

Other risk factors include:

• Smoking or tobacco use
  
• Poor oral hygiene habits
  
• Diabetes or other health conditions
  
• Hormonal changes (like during pregnancy)
  
• Certain medications that cause dry mouth
• Skipping professional dental cleanings

Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease

You don’t have to be in pain to have gum disease. Some signs are subtle, and many people don’t realize there’s a problem until it’s progressed. Here’s what to look out for:

• Bleeding when brushing or flossing
  
• Red or swollen gums
  
• Bad breath or taste that doesn’t go away
  
• Receding gums or teeth that look longer
  
• Loose or shifting teeth
  

If you’re noticing any of these signs, it’s a good idea to see a dentist.

How to Treat Gum Disease

Early Stage (Gingivitis):

Good brushing with a soft electric toothbrush and flossing habits, along with a professional cleaning every 6 months, can often reverse gingivitis.

Moderate to Advanced Stage (Periodontitis):

More advanced gum disease may require deeper cleanings (like scaling and root planing) to clean beneath the gumline. With increased dental cleanings every 3 to 4 months to keep bacteria under control. In some cases, surgery or laser therapy may be needed to restore gum health.

How to Prevent Gum Disease

The best defense is a strong daily routine. Try these tips:

• Brush twice a day with a soft-bristled electric toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste
  
• Floss or Waterpik daily to remove plaque and bacteria between teeth
  
• Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash
  
• Eat a balanced diet rich in Vitamin C & K for gum health
  
• Stay hydrated throughout the day with water
  
• Don’t skip your regular dental cleanings and check-ups

Keep Your Gums (and Your Body) Healthy

Gum disease doesn’t just affect your mouth. It has been linked to serious health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and complications during pregnancy. But the good news is: with early intervention and proper care, gum disease is treatable and preventable.

Have questions? Talk with a Dentistry.One dentist now.